The Russian British Chinese and Ottoman Rivalry in Turkestan Four Studies on the History of Central Asia

This is primarily a detailed study of the Russian and Chinese expansion in Western and Eastern Turkestan during the nineteenth century. However it also deals with the Anglo-Russian rivalry in Central Asia, which affected greatly the fate of Turkestani Turks and the Afghan people. The Ottomans felt obliged to get involved in the problems of the Muslim States of Turkestan due to their continuous appeals for help and protection against the invading Russian and Chinese forces.